Mohd Syahrul Hisyam Bin Mohd Sani Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Pahang Branch
Cold-formed steel (CFS) is referred to as a thin-walled building material which often shaped into slender and open sections, and CFS is manufactured using sheet steel in rolling, curving, and pressing processes. CFS is formed in various shapes, dimensions, and grades based on demand and is broadly used as roof truss systems, storage racks, frame panels, and wall panels. However, the CFS section is exposed to buckling and torsion failure when subjected to internal and external loads. Several previous studies have been conducted to solve the failure by connecting two or more channel sections to become a built-up CFS section. The built-up CFS section is filled with normal or special concrete to strengthen it before it is used as a column. From the observation and evaluation, the study has formed the built-up CFS section by joining six lipped channel sections (100 mm x 50 mm x 12 mm x 1.55 mm) to become the overall section of 103 mm of breadth and 200 mm of height, and filled the hollow section with special concrete. The special concrete with a grade of 30 MPa and a water-cement ratio of 0.54 is produced by replacing sand with washed bottom ash (WBA) in the mix. WBA is collected from electric coal power stations and is used for reducing the environmental impact such as limited landfill dumping areas and air pollution. The project is able to support the 6s principle; strong, stiff, stable, safe, solve the failure, and save cost, and is able to be used as a roof column, street lamp post, main column of frame, column of storage rack, and advertisement board column.